10th Std Social Science Solution in English | Lesson.19 Central Government

Lesson.19 Central Government

Lesson.19 Central Government

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

1. The Constitutional Head of the Union is ________.

1. The President
2. The Chief Justice
3. The Prime Minister
4. Council of Ministers

Ans : The President.

2. Who among the following decides whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not?

1. The President
2. Attorney General
3. Parliamentary Affairs Minister
4. Speaker of Lok Sabha

Ans : Speaker of Lok Sabha

3. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the ________.

1. The President
2. Lok Sabha
3. The Prime Minister
4. Rajya Sabha

Ans : Lok Sabha

4. What is minimum age laid down for a candidate to seek election to the Lok Sabha?

1. 18 years
2. 21 years
3. 25 years
4. 30 years

Ans : 25 years

5. The authority to alter the boundaries of state in India rest with?

1. The President
2. The Prime Minister
3. State Government
4. Parliament

Ans : Parliament

6. Under which Article the President is vested with the power to proclaim Financial Emergency ________.

1. Article 352
2. Article 360
3. Article 356
4. Article 365

Ans : Article 360

7. The Chief Justice and other Judges of the Supreme court are appointed by ________.

1. The President
2. The Attorney General
3. The Governor
4. The Prime Minister

Ans : The President

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ________ Bill cannot be introduced in the Parliament without President’s approval.

Ans : Money

2. ________ is the leader of the nation and chief spokesperson of the country.

Ans : Prime Minister

3. ________ is the Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.

Ans : Vice-President

4. ________ has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of both Houses of the Parliament.

Ans : Attorney General

5. The Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court hold the office up to the age of ________ years.

Ans : 65

6. ________ is the Guardian of the Constitution.

Ans : Supreme Court

7. At present, the Supreme Court consists of ________ judges including the chief justice.

Ans : 29 (As on April 2021)

III. Choose the correct statement

1. i) Total members of the Rajya Sabha is 250.

ii) The 12 nominated members shall be chosen by the President from amongst persons experience in the field of literature, science, art, or social service

iii) The Members of the Rajya Sabha should not be less than 30 years of age.

iv) The members of the Rajya Sabha are directly elected by the peoples.

1. ii & iv are correct
2. iii & iv are correct
3. i & iv are correct
4. i, ii & iii are correct

Ans : i, ii & iii are correct

2. i) The Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court hold the office up to the age of 62 years.

ii) Judiciary is the third organ of the government.

iii) The cases involving fundamental rights come under the Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

iv) The law declared by Supreme Court is binding on all courts within the territory of India.

1. ii & iv are correct
2. iii & iv are correct
3. i & iv are correct
4. i & ii are correct

Ans : ii & iv are correct

IV Match the following

V. Answer the brief questions

1. How is President of India elected?

• The President is elected by an electoral college in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.
• The Electoral college consists of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the states and elected members of National Capital Territory of Delhi and Puducherry.
• The President is elected for a term of five years and can be re-elected.

2. What are the different categories of Ministers at the Union level?

The Ministers are classified under three ranks.

1. Cabinet Ministers
2. Ministers of state
3. Deputy Ministers

3. What is the qualification of judges of the Supreme Court?

• He must be a citizen of India.
• He should have worked as a judge of a High Court for at least 5 years.
• He should have worked as an advocate of High Court for at least 10 years.
• He is in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist.

4. Write short note: Money Bill.

A bill which covers income and expenditure of the government is called Money Bill. Bills connected with tax policy of the government is also called Money Bill.

5. List out any two special powers of the Attorney General of India.

• Attorney General of India has the right of audience in all courts in the territory of India.
• Further he has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of both Houses of the Parliament or their joint sitting.
• He enjoys all the privileges and immunities that are available to a member of Parliament.

VI. Answer in detail:

1. Describe the powers and functions of the President of India.

The powers and function of the President of India can be broadly classified under the following categories.

1. Executive powers
2. Legislative powers
3. Financial powers
4. Judicial powers
5. Mulitary powers
6. Diplomatic powers
7. Emergency powers

Executive powers:

• The Constitution vests in the President of India all the executive powers of the Central Government.
• Every executive action of the union shall be taken in the name of the President.
• The President appoints the Prime Minister and the other members of the Council of Ministers.
• He appoints Governors of states, Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
• He appoints the Attorney General, Auditor General, Comptroller, Election Commissioners, Members of Service Commission and Ambassadors.
• He is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India. The President can appoint Army, Navy and Air Chiefs.

Legislative powers:

• The President is an integral part of the Union Parliament.
• All bills passed by the Parliament become ‘Laws of Acts’ only after getting assent of the President.
• The President can dissolve the Lok Sabha before the expiry of its term.
• He nominates 12 member to the Rajya Sabha.

Financial power:

• Money bill can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior recommendation.
• Annual Budget of the Central Government is presented before the Lok Sabha by the union Finance Minister only with the permission of the President.
• He constitutes a Finance Commission after every five years.

Judicial powers:

• Article 72 confers on the President power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to commute the sentence of any person convicted of an offence.
• The President is not answerable to any court of law for exercise of his/her power.

Military powers:

• The President is the supreme commander of the defence forces.
• He can declare war against a country or make peace.

Diplomatic powers:

• The President appoints Indian diplomats to other countries and receives foreign diplomats posted to India.
• All treaties and agreements with foreign states are entered into, in the name of the President.

Emergency powers:

• Article 352 confers power on the President to make a proclamation of Emergency on the grounds of war, external aggression or armed rebellion. This is known as National Emergency.
• Article 356 confers power on the President to make a proclamation of State Emergency.
• Under Article 360, the President is vested with the power to proclaim Financial Emergency.

2. Explain the jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme Court of India.

Judicial functions:

The “Supreme Court is the Guardian of the Constitution”. The followings are the functions of the Supreme Court.

Original Jurisdiction:

The cases which are brought directly in the first instance to the Supreme Court come under original jurisdiction.

These may be

1. dispute between the Government of India and one or more states
2. Dispute between two or more states
3. The cases involving Fundamental Rights come under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

Appellate jurisdiction:

• The Supreme Court is the final appellate court in the country.
• The Supreme Court hears appeals against the decision of High Courts.
• Such a case can be brought before the Supreme Court only if the High Court certifies that the case invites a substantial of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution.

Advisory Jurisdiction:

The Constitution confers on the President the power to refer to the Supreme Court any question of law or fact which in his opinion is of public importance.

Miscellaneous jurisdiction:

• The law declared by Supreme Court is binding on all courts within the territory of India.
• The Supreme Court has complete control over its own establishment.

Judicial Review:

• The power of the Judiciary to declare a law as unconstitutional is known as ‘Judicial Review’.
• The Supreme Court of India has Individual Review Power with regard to:

1. 1. Dispute between the Centre and State.
   2. Protecting the Fundamental Rights.

3. What are the duties and functions of Prime Minister of India?

Article 78 mentioned the duties of the Prime Minister

• The Prime Minister decides the rank of his Ministers and distributes various departments.
• The Prime Minister decides the dates and the agenda of the meeting of the Cabinet which he presides.
• The Prime Minister is the Head of the Cabinet and the other Ministers are his colleagues.
• The Prime Minister informally consults two or three of his senior colleagues when he does not convene a Cabinet meeting.
• The Prime Minister supervises the work of various ministers.
• To converse to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers connecting to the government of the affairs of the union and proposals for legislation.
• The Prime Minister acts as the link between the President and the Council of Ministers.
• The Prime Minister is the leader of the nation and chief spokeperson of the country.
• The Prime Minister represents our nation at all international conferences like the Common wealth, Summit of the Non Aligned Nations and SAARC nations.

4. Critically examine the powers and functions of the Parliament.

• The Parliament of India has the functions of Legislation, overseeing of administration, passing of budget, ventilation of public grievances, discussion of various subjects like development plans, international relations and internal policies.
• Parliament is also vested with powers to impeach the President and to remove Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, Chief Election Commissioner and Comptroller and Auditor General of India in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Constitution.
• The Parliament exercises control over the executive through asking questions and supplementary questions, moving motions of adjournment, discussing and passing resolutions, discussing and passing censure motion or vote of no-confidence.
• The Parliament has the power to change the boundaries of the states.

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